Laos coffee shares some flavour characteristics with Brazil, featuring low acidity, mild intensity, and a hint of greenish, slightly vegetal notes. For instance, a lot from the Paksong Hills presents flavours of raw sugars and walnut, beautifully complemented by a mild, tea-like acidity. As the cup cools, the sweetness intensifies, culminating in faint notes of cacao nib and raw tobacco lingering in the background.
The Bolaven Plateau: The Heart of Coffee Production
The main coffee-growing region in Laos is the Bolaven Plateau, particularly around Paksong. This area benefits from rich soils, higher altitudes of 800 to 1,350 metres, and a cool climate, all of which contribute to its ideal conditions for coffee production.
Laos primarily produces two types of coffee: Robusta and Arabica. Arabica accounts for about 25% of the total crop, with Robusta making up the rest. The Robusta beans are commonly used in everyday coffee, often sweetened with condensed milk, a popular drink in Laos. Additionally, Liberica coffee is also cultivated in the region.
Interestingly, Laos is one of the few countries that grows Robusta at higher altitudes, up to 1,300 metres. Approximately 95% of the country’s coffee is harvested from the Bolaven Plateau, making coffee the fifth largest export product for Laos.
A Historical Introduction to Coffee
Coffee was first introduced to Laos by French colonists around 1915. After experimenting with coffee cultivation in the north, the French discovered that the southern regions were far better suited for plantations. Millions of years ago, a volcanic eruption in the south enriched the soils with minerals ideal for coffee growth. This region is home to the Bolaven Plateau, which remains the primary area for coffee production in Laos.
In the past two decades, the Laotian government has worked alongside coffee farmers to promote the planting of more Arabica varieties, which fetch higher market prices and thus improve farmers' incomes. Today, there are around 20,000 coffee-growing communities across 250 villages in Laos, with many families relying on coffee farming as their primary source of livelihood.
Conclusion
Laos offers a distinctive coffee experience that reflects its rich history and diverse growing conditions. As the country continues to develop its coffee industry, focusing on Arabica production, the future looks promising for both farmers and coffee lovers alike. Whether you're sipping a cup of robust Robusta or a delicate Arabica, the flavours of Laos tell a story of tradition, resilience, and a commitment to quality.